1. What is the ACR Calculator?

The ACR (Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio) calculator determines the ratio of albumin to creatinine in urine samples, which is a key screening tool for kidney disease detection and monitoring.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the ACR formula:

Where:

• Albumin — Measured in mg/dL
• Creatinine — Measured in g/dL

Explanation: The ratio normalizes albumin excretion to creatinine excretion, accounting for variations in urine concentration.

3. Importance of ACR Calculation

Details: ACR is a sensitive marker for early kidney damage, particularly in diabetic patients. It helps identify microalbuminuria, which is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter albumin value in mg/dL and creatinine value in g/dL. Both values must be greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal ACR value?
A: Normal ACR is typically less than 30 mg/g. Values between 30-300 mg/g indicate microalbuminuria, and values above 300 mg/g indicate macroalbuminuria.

Q2: When should ACR testing be done?
A: ACR testing is recommended annually for diabetic patients and for those with risk factors for kidney disease such as hypertension.

Q3: Are there factors that can affect ACR results?
A: Yes, factors include urinary tract infections, fever, vigorous exercise, and menstrual blood contamination, which may cause false elevations.

Q4: How is the urine sample collected for ACR?
A: A random spot urine sample is typically used, though some protocols may recommend first morning void for increased accuracy.

Q5: Can ACR be used to monitor treatment response?
A: Yes, serial ACR measurements can help monitor response to ACE inhibitors or ARBs in patients with proteinuric kidney disease.