Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) Calculator

ACR Formula:

\[ ACR = \frac{\text{Albumin (mg/dL)}}{\text{Creatinine (g/dL)}} \]

Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR):

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1. What is Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR)?

The Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is a medical test used to screen for kidney disease by measuring the amount of albumin (a protein) relative to creatinine in a urine sample. It helps detect early signs of kidney damage, particularly in individuals with diabetes or hypertension.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the ACR formula:

\[ ACR = \frac{\text{Albumin (mg/dL)}}{\text{Creatinine (g/dL)}} \]

Where:

Albumin — Measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
Creatinine — Measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL)

Explanation: The ratio normalizes albumin excretion to creatinine excretion, accounting for variations in urine concentration.

3. Importance of ACR Calculation

Details: ACR is a key marker for detecting early kidney damage. Elevated levels indicate increased protein leakage through the kidneys, which is a sign of impaired kidney function. Regular monitoring helps in early intervention and management of chronic kidney disease.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter albumin value in mg/dL and creatinine value in g/dL. Both values must be greater than zero. First-morning urine samples are preferred for accurate results.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are normal ACR values?
A: Normal ACR is less than 30 mg/g. 30-300 mg/g indicates moderately increased albuminuria (formerly called microalbuminuria), and above 300 mg/g indicates severely increased albuminuria (macroalbuminuria).

Q2: Who should get an ACR test?
A: Individuals with diabetes, hypertension, family history of kidney disease, or those at risk for cardiovascular disease should be screened regularly.

Q3: How often should ACR be measured?
A: Annual testing is recommended for people with diabetes or hypertension. More frequent testing may be needed if results are abnormal or if kidney disease is progressing.

Q4: Can factors other than kidney disease affect ACR?
A: Yes, urinary tract infections, fever, vigorous exercise, and menstrual blood can temporarily increase ACR levels.

Q5: What should I do if my ACR is high?
A: Consult with a healthcare provider for further evaluation. Management may include blood pressure control, blood sugar management, medication (like ACE inhibitors or ARBs), and lifestyle modifications.