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Density calculation from specific gravity is a fundamental physical property measurement that determines the mass per unit volume of a substance relative to water. Specific gravity (SG) is the ratio of a substance's density to the density of water.
The calculator uses the density formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula converts the dimensionless specific gravity value into actual density units by multiplying with the reference water density.
Details: Density calculation is crucial in various fields including engineering, chemistry, material science, and fluid mechanics. It helps determine material properties, buoyancy, concentration of solutions, and quality control in manufacturing processes.
Tips: Enter the specific gravity value (must be greater than 0) and select the appropriate water density unit based on your measurement system (metric: kg/m³ or imperial: lb/ft³).
Q1: What is specific gravity?
A: Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance (typically water at 4°C). It is a dimensionless quantity.
Q2: Why are there different water density values?
A: Water density varies with temperature and measurement system. 1000 kg/m³ is standard for metric system, while 62.4 lb/ft³ is used in imperial system calculations.
Q3: Can specific gravity be less than 1?
A: Yes, substances less dense than water (like most oils and wood) have specific gravity values less than 1, meaning they will float on water.
Q4: What are typical specific gravity values for common materials?
A: Water = 1.0, Aluminum = 2.7, Iron = 7.87, Gold = 19.3, Gasoline = 0.68-0.74, Concrete = 2.4.
Q5: How does temperature affect specific gravity measurements?
A: Both the sample and reference water densities change with temperature. For precise measurements, temperature correction factors may be needed, especially when working with liquids.