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Percentage Yield Formula:
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Percentage yield is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction or process. It compares the actual amount of product obtained (experimental yield) to the maximum possible amount (theoretical yield) that could be produced under ideal conditions.
The calculator uses the percentage yield formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates what percentage of the theoretical yield was actually achieved in the experiment.
Details: Percentage yield is crucial for evaluating reaction efficiency, optimizing chemical processes, and assessing economic viability in industrial applications. It helps identify losses due to incomplete reactions, side reactions, or purification processes.
Tips: Enter both experimental and expected yields in grams. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the percentage yield.
Q1: What is a good percentage yield?
A: In organic chemistry, yields above 90% are excellent, 80-90% are very good, and 70-80% are good. However, acceptable yields vary by reaction type and complexity.
Q2: Why is percentage yield never 100%?
A: Due to practical limitations like incomplete reactions, side reactions, purification losses, and measurement errors, actual yields are typically less than theoretical yields.
Q3: What factors affect percentage yield?
A: Reaction conditions, purity of reactants, catalyst efficiency, temperature control, and purification methods all influence the final yield.
Q4: How can I improve my reaction yield?
A: Optimize reaction conditions, use pure reactants, ensure proper stoichiometry, control temperature precisely, and minimize handling losses during purification.
Q5: What's the difference between percentage yield and atom economy?
A: Percentage yield measures efficiency of a specific reaction, while atom economy evaluates how efficiently atoms are used in the reaction overall.